作定語

e.g. These dialogues may be used as listening materials. (= materials for listening)

e.g. The Reading Room of the British Museum is a large round hall. (=Room for Reading)

Ⅲ動名詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

動名詞分一般式和完成式，一般式表示一般性的動作概念，不明確動作發(fā)生的時間（如現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)恚?，有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如：

Besides reading, he is fond of collecting stamps. (主動)/ 除了閱讀以外，他還喜歡集郵。

Was she upset at not being invited? (被動)/ 她是否因沒有受到邀請而感到不快？

動名詞完成式用來表示發(fā)生在謂語動作前的動作。它也有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如：

I remember having read the article on economic systems.

After having been tested, the instrument was sent to the laboratory. (被動)

Comp: Having been tested, the instrument was sent to the laboratory.

注：

① 動名詞的完成式用得較少，有時動名詞表示的動作雖然發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，也常用動名詞的一般式來代替。如：

After being desalted, sea water can be used for drinking.

② 在need, require, want等動詞后面，一般不用動名詞的被動形式，即使表示被動意思，也用動名詞的主動形式代替。如：

The house wants repairing./ 這房子需要修理了。